is an active volcano located in Shikotsu-Toya National Park in

Hokkaidō is Japan's second largest island and comprises the largest and northernmost prefecture, making up its own region. The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaidō from Honshu; the two islands are connected by the undersea railway Seikan Tunnel. The la ...

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

. It sits opposite

Mount Tarumae is located in the Shikotsu-Toya National Park in Hokkaidō, Japan. It is located near both Tomakomai and Chitose towns and can be seen clearly from both. It is on the shores of Lake Shikotsu, a caldera lake. Tarumae is a 1,041 metre active and ...

and

Mount Fuppushi is a dormant volcanoPaul Hunt, ''Hiking in Japan: An Adventurer's Guide to the Mountain Trails'', pg. 179 located in Shikotsu-Toya National Park in Hokkaidō, Japan. It sits adjacent to Mount Tarumae and opposite Mount Eniwa. Mount Fuppushi i ...

on the shores of

Lake Shikotsu is a caldera lake in Chitose, Hokkaidō, Japan. It is a part of the Shikotsu-Toya National Park. Geography Lake Shikotsu is located in the south-west part of Hokkaidō. It has an average depth of and a maximum depth of , making it the sec ...

, the caldera lake that spawned the volcanoes. Mount Eniwa is the tallest of the three volcanoes.

Eruptions

The last eruption occurred around the start of the 18th century (c. 1700 ±30 years). There are no historical records of this, but

tephrochronology 250px, Tephra horizons in south-central Iceland. The thick and light coloured layer at the height of the volcanologist's hands is rhyolitic tephra from Hekla. Tephrochronology is a Geochronology, geochronological technique that uses discrete la ...

indicates

phreatic ''Phreatic'' is a term used in hydrology to refer to aquifers, in speleology to refer to cave passages, and in volcanology to refer to a type of volcanic eruption. Hydrology The term phreatic (the word originates from the Greek , meaning "well" ...

explosions with mudflows from crater 3. Two centuries before this eruption (c. 1550 ±75 years),

radiocarbon dating Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon. The method was dev ...

indicates a similar eruption from crater 2. Around the same time (c. 1500 ±150 years), radiocarbon dating indicates another eruption, but from crater 1. This eruption included debris avalanches instead of mudflows. The oldest eruption that has been dated is an explosive eruption from the east side of the summit around 100 BCE ± 100 years according to radiocarbon dating. All these events were central vent eruptions with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 2.

Climbing Route

A single trail climbs the eastern side of the mountain. It gets progressively steeper as you climb. The trail starts in a forest about one from Poropinai. The treeline is at about . From there the terrain is rocky and alpine. The climb takes 3-3.5 hours.

1972 Winter Olympics

At the

1972 Winter Olympics The 1972 Winter Olympics, officially the and commonly known as Sapporo 1972 ( ja, 札幌1972), was a winter multi-sport event held from February 3 to 13, 1972, in Sapporo, Japan. It was the first Winter Olympic Games to take place outside Europe ...

, Mount Eniwa was the site of the men's and women's downhill ski races. The course started at the summit and finished on the southwest slope.1972 Winter Olympics official report.
pp. 281-4. The technical events of

giant slalom Giant slalom (GS) is an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding discipline. It involves skiing between sets of poles ("gates") spaced at a greater distance from each other than in slalom but less than in Super-G. Giant slalom and slalom make up t ...

and

slalom To slalom is to zigzag between obstacles. It may refer to: Sports ;Alpine skiing and/or snowboarding * Slalom skiing, an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding discipline * Giant slalom, an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding discipline * Super-G ...

were held at

Teine Teine may refer to: *Teine-ku, Sapporo, an administrative district of the city of Sapporo, Hokkaidō, Japan *Teine Station, a railway station in Teine-ku, Sapporo, Japan *Sapporo Teine, a ski resort and amusement park in Teine-ku, Sapporo, Japan S ...

Notes

References

Geographical Survey Institute
* Paul Hunt, ''Hiking in Japan: An Adventurer's Guide to the Mountain Trails'',

Tokyo Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.468 ...

, Kodansha International Ltd., 1988. and C0075 * Robert Storey, ''North-East Asia on a Shoestring'',

Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, borde ...

, Lonely Planet Publications, 3rd Edition March 1992.

External links

*
Eniwadake
- Japan Meteorological Agency * - Japan Meteorological Agency

- Geological Survey of Japan
Shikotsu: Global Volcanism Program
- Smithsonian Institution {{Olympic venues alpine skiing Venues of the 1972 Winter Olympics Olympic alpine skiing venues Eniwa Eniwa Eniwa Eniwa Shikotsu-Tōya National Park Holocene stratovolcanoes